Trade Agreements and their Potential Impact on Environmental Protection

Author: Dr Annalisa Savaresi, Dr Filippo Fontanelli

PDF Published: Friday 04 Sep 2020 (SB 20-56)

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Overview
Report

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Overview
Report
- Executive Summary
- About the authors
- 1. Introduction
- 2. International trade rules under the WTO and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)
  - 2.1 The World Trade Organization (WTO)
  - 2.2 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)
- 3. The interaction between environmental measures and trade obligations
  - 3.1 Examples of interactions between trade and environmental measures
    
    a. Rules on preparation and production methods (PPMs):
    
    b. Rules banning import of harmful goods:
    
    c. Rules on marketing and certification schemes:
    
    d. Prohibited goods:
    
    e. Green subsidies:
    
    f. Other environmental measures:
    
    g. Dual tariffs:
    
    h. Lawful tariffs:
  - 3.2 Impact on domestic and international trade: managing the regulatory floor
  - 3.3 Environmental provisions in FTAs
  - 3.4 Trade and the EU push towards stricter environmental standards
- 4. Case-studies: interactions between trade rules and environment, animal welfare and food safety ambitions
  - 4.1 Trade in eggs and egg products – interaction between trade and animal welfare standards
  - 4.2 Chlorine-washed chicken and industry-wide voluntary standards – interaction between trade and food safety standards
  - 4.3 Scottish environmental ambitions and potential interactions with trade rules
    
    4.3.1 Peat extraction and use
    
    4.3.2 Waste reduction measures
    
    4.3.3 The right to repair
- 5. Scotland: Devolution, trade and environmental standards
  - 5.1 The Scottish Government’s view
  - 5.2 The trade agreement with the EU: State of play
  - 5.3 The trade agreement with the United States: State of play
Sources

Image: Figure 1. UK throughput by production method

Offer price in Birmingham of whole egg powder from enriched cage system eggs produced in the UK and conventional cage system eggs produced in Ukraine, USA, Argentina and India in pence per kilogram in 2018

Image: 4.1 Trade in eggs and egg products – interaction between trade and animal welfare standards

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Last Updated: 25/5 2:32pm

Image: Figure 1. UK throughput by production method

Image: 4.1 Trade in eggs and egg products – interaction between trade and animal welfare standards

Image: 4.1 Trade in eggs and egg products – interaction between trade and animal welfare standards

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