Negotiation of Trade Agreements in Federal Countries

Author: James Walker

PDF Published: Friday 17 Nov 2017 (SB17-79)

Expand
Overview
Report

Hide

Hide

Overview
Report
- Executive Summary
- Introduction & Context
  - Modern Free Trade Agreements
  - Implications for Scotland
- Canada & the Provinces
  - Introduction & Constitutional Context
  - Provincial Influence over CETA Negotiations
    
    Pre-Negotiation & Negotiation
    
    Ratification
    
    Implementation
  - Summary
  - Impact & Outlook
- Belgium & the Regions
  - Introduction & Constitutional Context
  - Regional Influence over CETA Negotiations
    
    Pre-Negotiation & Negotiation
    
    Ratification
    
    Implementation
  - Summary
  - Impact & Outlook
- Germany & the Länder
  - Introduction & Constitutional Context
  - Länder Influence over FTA Negotiations
  - Summary
  - Impact & Outlook
- The United States & its States
  - Introduction & Constitutional Context
  - State Influence over FTA Negotiations
    
    Influence via the United States Trade Representative (USTR)
    
    Influence via Congress
  - Summary
  - Impact & Outlook
- Summary & Conclusion
Sources

Department for International Trade. (2017, July 24). Liam Fox champions global free trade. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/liam-fox-champions-global-free-trade [accessed 13 September 2017]

Coates, S., & McDonnell, H. (2017, August 19). Liam Fox Tries to Bypass Scots and Welsh in Bid for Brexit Trade Deals. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/liam-fox-tries-to-bypass-scots-and-welsh-in-bid-for-brexit-trade-deals-bw7khh6b7 [accessed 13 September 2017]

Prime Minister's Office. (2017, January 17). The Government's Negotiating Objectives for Exiting the EU: PM Speech. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/the-governments-negotiating-objectives-for-exiting-the-eu-pm-speech [accessed 13 September 2017]

Department for International Trade. (2017, October 9). Preparing for Our Future UK Trade Policy. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/preparing-for-our-future-uk-trade-policy/preparing-for-our-future-uk-trade-policy [accessed 16 October 2017]

Scottish Government. (2016, December 20). Scotland's Place in Europe. Retrieved from http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0051/00512073.pdf [accessed 13 September 2017]

Culture, Tourism, Europe and External Relations Committee. (2017, March 5). Determining Scotland's Future Relationship with the European Union. Retrieved from http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/103798.aspx#p [accessed 13 September 2017]

BBC. (2003, February 12). A Century of Free Trade. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/533716.stm [accessed 14 September 2017]

World Trade Organisation. (n.d.) The Multilateral Trading System—Past, Present and Future. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/inbrief_e/inbr01_e.htm [accessed 14 September 2017]

Lexology. (2013, October 24). Canada-EU Free Trade Deal: Intellectual Property Issues for the Pharmaceutical Industry. Retrieved from https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1b1259f0-ab22-43cf-b36b-dcf4fc8cec32 [accessed 14 September 2017]

Europe and External Relations Committee. (2015, February 19). Minutes, 4th Meeting, Session 4. Retrieved from http://www.parliament.scot/S4_EuropeanandExternalRelationsCommittee/Minutes/Minutes_19_Feb_2015.pdf [accessed 14 September 2017]

HM Government. (n.d.) The Scotland Act 1998. Retrieved from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/46/schedule/5 [accessed 14 September 2017]

McTague, T. (2017, September 13). Weaked Theresa May Turns to Brexit Broker. Retrieved from http://www.politico.eu/article/brexit-negotiation-damian-green-weakened-theresa-may-turns-to-broker/ [accessed 18 September 2017]

Scottish Parliament. (2017, September 14). First Minister's Questions. Retrieved from http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=11073&i=101123 [accessed 18 September 2017]

Finance & Constitution Committee. (2017, September 20). Finance and Constitution Committee 20 September 2017. Retrieved from http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=11105&i=101314&c=2024523 [accessed 2017 October 2017]

Government of Canada. (1867, March 29). Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982. Retrieved from http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-4.html#h-17 [accessed 19 September 2017]

Government of Canada. (n.d.) Federal-Provincial/Territorial Agreements. Retrieved from http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/laws-policy/agreements/index.asp [accessed 2 November 2017]

Quebec Government Office in London. (n.d.) The Quebec Government Office in London. Retrieved from http://www.international.gouv.qc.ca/en/Londres [accessed 19 September 2017]

European and External Relations Committee. (2016, September 22). Official Report, Sixth Meeting, Session 5. Retrieved from http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=10541&mode=pdf [accessed 19 September 2017]

Fafard, P., & Leblond, P. (2012, September). Twenty-First Century Trade Agreements: Challenges for Canadian Federalism. Retrieved from https://ideefederale.ca/documents/challenges.pdf [accessed 19 September 2017]

Personal Communication with the High Commission of Canada to the United Kingdom. (2017, October 17).

Personal Interview with Delegate General to the United Kingdom Christos Sirros and Director of Political Affairs Frédéric Tremblay, Québec Government Office in London. (2017, September 29).

Paquin, S. (2017). Federalism and Trade Negotiations in Canada: CUSFTA, CETA and PTP Compared. Retrieved from http://archives.enap.ca/bibliotheques/2017/02/031402256.pdf [accessed 22 September 2017]

Kukucha, C. (2016, October 18). Provincial/Territorial Governments and the Negotiation of International Trade Agreements. Retrieved from http://irpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/insight-no10.pdf [accessed 22 September 2017]

Kukucha, C. (2015). Federalism Matters: Evaluating the Impact of Sub-federal Governments in Canadian and American Foreign Trade Policy. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 21(3), 224-237. doi: 10.1080/11926422.2015.1074926

European Commission. (2017, September 20). EU-Canada Trade Agreement Enters into Force. Retrieved from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-3121_en.htm [accessed 21 September 2017]

Patterson, B. (2017, March 27). Trudeau Seeks to Provisionally Apply CETA by July 1, Wallonia Threatens to Block Final Ratification of the Deal. Retrieved from https://canadians.org/blog/trudeau-seeks-provisionally-apply-ceta-july-1-wallonia-threatens-block-final-ratification-deal [accessed 26 September 2017]

Minister of International Trade (Canada). (2013, October 16). Letter to Monsieur Nicolas Morceau. Retrieved from http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_83161&process=Original&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz [accessed 22 September 2017]

European Parliament. (2016, December). Culture and Education in CETA. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/585902/IPOL_STU(2016)585902_EN.pdf [accessed 22 September 2017]

CTV news Montréal. (2017, July 11). Former Finance Minister Tapped to Represent Quebec in NAFTA Negotiations. Retrieved from http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/former-finance-minister-tapped-to-represent-quebec-in-nafta-negotiations-1.3498962 [accessed 22 September 2017]

Belgian Government. (n.d.) Belgium, a Federal State. Retrieved from https://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/federale_staat [accessed 19 September 2017]

Belgian Government. (n.d.) The Federal Government's Powers. Retrieved from https://www.belgium.be/en/about_belgium/government/federal_authorities/competence_federal_government [accessed 19 September 2017]

Wallonian Government. (n.d.) Competences of the Wallonian Government. Retrieved from http://gouvernement.wallonie.be/competences [accessed 19 September 2017]

Wallonia-Brussels Community Government. (n.d.) Competences of the Wallonia-Brussels Community Government. Retrieved from http://gouvernement.cfwb.be/competences [accessed 19 September 2017]

Bollen, Y., de Ville, F., & Gehyle, N. (2016, December 20). From Nada to Namur: National Parliaments’ Involvement in Trade Politics, the Case of Belgium. Retrieved from https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8506662/file/8506676.pdf [accessed 19 September 2017]

Personal Interview with Belgian Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Rudolf Huygelen. (2017, September 29).

Bollen, Y., Derous, M., de Ville, F., Gehyle, N., Orbie, J., & van den Putte, L. (2016). Belgium's Role in EU Trade Policy. Studia Diplomatica.

Kingdom of Belgium Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation. (n.d.) Coordination of the European Policy and the Representation of Belgium. Retrieved from https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/policy/coordination_european_affairs/dge/coordination [accessed 19 September 2017]

Personal Communication with Kevin Verbelen, Policy Officer for International Affairs, Flemish Government.. (2017, October 17).

Personal Communication with Flemish Government Department of Foreign Affairs. (2017, October 17).

Magnette, P. (2016, November 14). Wallonia Blocked a Harmful EU Trade Deal – but We Don’t Share Trump’s Dreams. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/nov/14/wallonia-ceta-ttip-eu-trade-belgium [accessed 19 September 2017]

The Council of the European Union. (2016, October 27). Joint Interpretative Instrument on the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union and its Member States. Retrieved from http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13541-2016-INIT/en/pdf [accessed 2017 October 02]

Kingdom of Belgium Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation. (2017, September 06). Minister Reynders Submits Request for Opinion on CETA. Retrieved from https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/newsroom/news/2017/minister_reynders_submits_request_opinion_ceta [accessed 19 September 2017]

German Bundestag. (n.d.) Competencies of the German Federation and the Länder. Retrieved from https://www.bundestag.de/en/parliament/function/legislation/competencies/245700 [accessed 27 September 2017]

Bundesrat. (n.d.) Bundesrat Members: Remit and Status. Retrieved from http://www.bundesrat.de/EN/organisation-en/mitglieder-en/mitglieder-en-node.html [accessed 25 October 2017]

European Committee on the Regions. (n.d.) Systems of Multilevel Governance. Retrieved from https://portal.cor.europa.eu/divisionpowers/countries/MembersLP/Germany/Pages/1-Systems-of-multilevel-governance.aspx [accessed 27 September 2017]

Auswärtiges Amt. (2010, September 23). Cooperation on EU Issues with the Federal States (Länder) and the Bundesrat. Retrieved from http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/EN/Europa/Deutsche_Europapolitik/MitwirkungBundesrat_node.html [accessed 3 October 2017]

Leonardy, U. (1999). Länder Power-Sharing in International Relations and European Affairs. Retrieved from http://library.fes.de/fulltext/bueros/london/00538007.htm#LOCE9E8 [accessed 6 October 2017]

Leonardy, U. (2003). Mechanisms of Intergovernmental Relations (IGR) and their Management Centres in the German Federal System. Retrieved from http://www.forumfed.org/library/mechanisms-of-intergovernmental-relations-igr-and-their-management-centres-in-the-german-federal-system/ [accessed 25 October 2017]

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. (1999, July). Länder Power-Sharing in International Relations and European Affairs. Retrieved from http://library.fes.de/fulltext/bueros/london/00538007.htm [accessed 6 October 2017]

Leonardy, U. (1999). Treaty-Making Powers and Foreign Relations of Federated Entities. Retrieved from http://poli.vub.ac.be/publi/orderbooks/federal/06leonardy.pdf [accessed 6 October 2017]

Deutsche Welle. (2016, October 13). Germany's Top Court Allows CETA Trade Deal to go Ahead. Retrieved from http://www.dw.com/en/germanys-top-court-allows-ceta-trade-deal-to-go-ahead/a-36029183 [accessed 4 October 2017]

Brauns, B. (2017, February 15). Der Freihandel Kann Beginnen. Retrieved from http://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2017-02/ceta-freihandelsabkommen-eu-parlament-verbraucherschutz-schiedsgerichte-faq [accessed 25 October 2017]

Wiater, P. (2016). Endet die Atlantiküberquerung am Bodensee? TTIP, der Föderalismus und das Lindauer Verfahren. Baden-Baden: Nomos.

Grzeszick, B. (2016, January 13). Stellungnahme zur Beteiligung des Deutschen Bundestages an gemischten völkerrechtlichen Abkommen. Retrieved from https://www.bundestag.de/blob/401476/e2a9abbeecb5cfabf43d00adb122a704/grzeszick-data.pdf [accessed 6 October 2017]

Bundesrat. (2017, March 22). Beteiligung der deutschen Länder an den Brexit-Verhandlungen der Bundesregierung". Retrieved from http://www.bundesrat.de/SharedDocs/drucksachen/2017/0201-0300/235-17.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5 [accessed 5 October 2017]

The White House. (n.d.) The Constitution. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/constitution [accessed 27 September 2017]

United States Government. (2017, August 11). Branches of Government. Retrieved from https://www.usa.gov/branches-of-government#item-37562 [accessed 27 September 2017]

National Conference of State Legislatures. (n.d.) Legislative Organisation. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/about-state-legislatures/legislative-organization.aspx [accessed 27 September 2017]

Monk, L. (n.d.) Constitution USA. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/tpt/constitution-usa-peter-sagal/federalism/state-powers/ [accessed 27 September 2017]

Office of the United States Trade Representative. (n.d.) Mission of the USTR. Retrieved from https://ustr.gov/about-us/about-ustr [accessed 27 September 2017]

United States Trade Representative. (2014, April 4). Charter of the Intergovernmental Policy Advisory Committee on Trade. Retrieved from https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/040414%20IGPAC%20Charter%20MF%20signed.pdf [accessed 27 September 2017]

Congress of the United States. (n.d.) The Legislative Process: overview. Retrieved from https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process [accessed 28 September 2017]

del Monte, M., & Puccio, L. (2016, March 1). Role of the US Congress in Trade Agreements: the 'Fast-Track' Procedure. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_IDA(2016)577999 [accessed 28 September 2017]

Fergusson, I., & Beth, R. (2015, July 2). Trade Promotion Authority (TPA): Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43491.pdf [accessed 28 September 2017]

Congress of the United States of America. (2015, January 6). Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015. Retrieved from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-114hr2146enr/pdf/BILLS-114hr2146enr.pdf [accessed 28 September 2017]

Band, R. (2010, August 26). Assembly Approves Resolution to Oppose Colombia Free Trade Agreement. Retrieved from http://calaborfed.org/assembly_approves_resolution_to_oppose_colombia_free_trade_agreement/ [accessed 3 October 2017]

United States Trade Representative. (n.d.) Labor in the U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement. Retrieved from https://ustr.gov/uscolombiatpa/labor [accessed 3 October 2017]

Last Updated: 29/9 4:16am

An error occured while loading, please try again in a few minutes.